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How do I model moss?

Moss is evident in much of the natural world as well as many darker or damp locations within the built environment, but how is it modelled?
There are a couple of methods used to model moss. Which you use depends on how much texture you require it to have. If you are applying it to a smaller scale or to a location that has only mere hints of moss growing, a wash is usually all that is needed to sufficiently weather a model with a moss effect. But if you are working with a larger scale or modelling a scene where moss has really taken hold, then more texture will generally be needed.
That texture is traditionally added in a couple of ways. A lightly textured finish can be achieved using an appropriately coloured pigment mixed with IPA. The exact thickness can be easily controlled by mixing varying amounts of each substance. Once you have a desired consistency, simply paint on and allow to dry.
If even more texture is required, then a diluted PVA mixed with a turf flock may be a better way to go. Start by adding a wash to your model to help blend the end effects. Next, mix some turf flock with a good quality PVA and stipple on with a brush (a good quality PVA is needed so that it dries clear).

Both methods create a convincing effect, but as always, practice makes perfect and experimentation with colours will go a long way to achieving a look that's right for your railway. Olive greens, burnt umbers and dry yellows are a good place to start but don' be afraid to mix and match numerous greens to replicate nature's patchwork.

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